Hypertrichosis = فرط الشعرانية |
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Hypertrichosis
Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa presents as a confluent, generalized overgrowth of silvery blonde to gray lanugo hair at birth or in early infancy. It is rare (1 in 1 billion) and thought to occur as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. In most cases, other than possibly anomalous dental eruptions, children are otherwise healthy. The hair may persist, increase, or decrease with age.
There are several other congenital disorders associated with generalized hypertrichosis, but none that are so evenly distributed as congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa Patients with the autosomal dominant Ambras syndrome or hypertrichosis universalis congenita present with much longer, thicker hair, with accentuation over the entire face, ears, and shoulders. Associated facial dysmorphism and dental anomalies are common. Members of the five-generation family described with congenital generalized hypertrichosis also have excess terminal hair on the face and upper body, more severe in men than women in keeping with the X-linked dominant inheritance. Patients with the autosomal dominant (rarely autosomal recessive) gingival fibromatosis frequently have hypertrichosis, mostly on the face, eyebrows, limbs, and upper back, along with seizures and oligophrenia. Hypertrichosis may be delayed until puberty, although gingival fibromatosis in this situation usually appears with the emergence of the primary, versus secondary, teeth.
Causes of Localized Hypertrichosis
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- Congenital/hereditary
- Mid-dorsum hypertrichosis with underlying neuroectodermal abnormality
- Spina bifida occulta
- Traction (e.g., meningocele manqué)
- Diastematomyelia
- Familial cervical hypertrichosis
- Hairy elbows
- Anterior cervical hypertrichosis
- Hairy pinna
- Trichomegaly alone
- Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma
- Winchester syndrome
- Nevoid hypertrichosis
- Stiff skin syndrome
- Congenital pigmented nevus
- Hemimaxillofacial dysplasia
- Becker nevus
- Acquired
- Melorheostotic scleroderma
- Post morphea
- Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- Osteosclerotic myeloma
- Scrotal hair in male infants
- Drugs
- Interferon
- Sodium tetradecyl sulfate
- Topical latanoprost
- Topical minoxidil
- Undercasts
- Irritants (topical)
- Repeated trauma
- Pressure (e.g., sack bearers, costaleros)
- Lichen simplex chronicus
- Biting
- Insect bites
- Stasis/lymphedema
- Congenital arteriovenous fistula
- Denervated area
- Chronic osteomyelitis
- Site of immunizations
- Smallpox
- Diphtheria-tetanus
- Chicken pox
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Periphery burned area
- Kala-azar (eyelashes)
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From Olsen EA, Hypertrichosis, in Disorders of Hair Growth: Diagnosis and Treatment, edited by Olsen EA. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2003, with permission.
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